Shading - Revision history

Alex at 19:58, 10 February 2021

2021-02-10T19:58:15Z

Alex: Marked this version for translation

2021-02-10T19:34:09Z

Marked this version for translation

Alex at 19:33, 10 February 2021

2021-02-10T19:33:47Z

Alex at 14:47, 1 January 2021

2021-01-01T14:47:00Z

Alex at 14:45, 1 January 2021

2021-01-01T14:45:59Z

Show changes

Alex at 14:45, 1 January 2021

2021-01-01T14:45:16Z

Show changes

Alex: Text replacement - "Tilt and orientation" to "Tilt and azimuth"

2020-12-07T21:30:55Z

Text replacement - "Tilt and orientation" to "Tilt and azimuth"

Alex at 18:56, 29 October 2020

2020-10-29T18:56:09Z

Alex at 23:25, 5 October 2020

2020-10-05T23:25:34Z

Alex at 22:46, 5 October 2020

2020-10-05T22:46:26Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 <translate>
 <!--T:1-->
-The amount of energy that a PV system produces has a direct relationship to the amount of sunlight that it receives. Shade therefore has a significant effect upon production. It is ideal for [[PV module|PV modules]] to be in a location without any shading during the entire day and throughout the year, unfortunately this is often not the case. As the sun rises or falls in the sky, its angle becomes lower and the shadows that are cast become longer, which means that shade is an inevitability in most locations. If a PV module can be kept shade free from 9:00 to 15:00, its production will not be severely affected, but shading during these crucial hours when the sun is at its strongest will cause a significant drop in production. How badly production will be affected will depend upon a few different factors:
+The amount of energy that a PV system produces has a direct relationship to the amount of sunlight that it receives. Shade therefore has a significant effect upon production. It is ideal for [[Special:MyLanguage/PV module|PV modules]] to be in a location without any shading during the entire day and throughout the year, unfortunately this is often not the case. As the sun rises or falls in the sky, its angle becomes lower and the shadows that are cast become longer, which means that shade is an inevitability in most locations. If a PV module can be kept shade free from 9:00 to 15:00, its production will not be severely affected, but shading during these crucial hours when the sun is at its strongest will cause a significant drop in production. How badly production will be affected will depend upon a few different factors:
 <!--T:2-->
-*The intensity of the shade (is it really weak from something in the distance or from something only a few meters away?)
+*The intensity of the shade - strong or weak. Is it created by something in the distance or from something only a few meters away?
-*How much of the module is shaded
+*The percentage of the PV module that is shaded.
-*What part of the module is shaded
+*The part of the PV module that is shaded.
 <!--T:3-->
-As the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day and throughout the year, it is important to consider shade during the entire year when designing and installing a PV system. Shading issues become more pronounced at higher latitudes. For more information on the position of the sun through the year, see [[Tilt and azimuth]].
+As the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day and throughout the year, it is important to consider shade during the entire year when designing and installing a PV system. Shading issues become more pronounced at higher latitudes. For more information on the position of the sun through the year, see [[Special:MyLanguage/Tilt and azimuth]].
 <!--T:4-->
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 <!--T:6-->
-The cells of a PV module are connected in series. If one part of a part of a series circuit has high resistance or is not performing properly, it becomes a constraint for all of the other parts of the circuit. PV modules have incorporated ''bypass diodes'' in their junction boxes which automatically bypass strings of cells that are not performing properly. The current from other modules or other cells within the module will simply bypass the poorly functioning columns. The typical PV module only has three different strings of PV cells, connected along the long axis of the module, with each one having its own bypass diode. This has important consequences for how a PV module performs when there is shade as bypass diodes respond variably depending upon the conditions. Shading along the short-axis (rows) of the module will have a greater impact than shading along the long-axis (columns) of the module
+The cells of a PV module are connected in series. If one part of a series circuit has high resistance or is not performing properly, it becomes a constraint for all of the other parts of the circuit. PV modules have incorporated ''bypass diodes'' in their junction boxes which automatically bypass strings of cells that are not performing properly. The current from other modules or other cells within the module will simply bypass the poorly functioning columns. The typical PV module only has three different strings of PV cells, connected along the long axis of the module, with each one having its own bypass diode. This has important consequences for how a PV module performs when there is shade as bypass diodes respond variably depending upon the conditions. Shading along the short-axis (rows) of the module will have a greater impact than shading along the long-axis (columns) of the module.
 <!--T:7-->

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <languages />
 <translate>
 The amount of energy that a PV system produces has a direct relationship to the amount of sunlight that it receives. Shade therefore has a significant effect upon production. It is ideal for [[PV module|PV modules]] to be in a location without any shading during the entire day and throughout the year, unfortunately this is often not the case. As the sun rises or falls in the sky, its angle becomes lower and the shadows that are cast become longer, which means that shade is an inevitability in most locations. If a PV module can be kept shade free from 9:00 to 15:00, its production will not be severely affected, but shading during these crucial hours when the sun is at its strongest will cause a significant drop in production. How badly production will be affected will depend upon a few different factors:
 *The intensity of the shade (is it really weak from something in the distance or from something only a few meters away?)
 *How much of the module is shaded
 *What part of the module is shaded
 As the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day and throughout the year, it is important to consider shade during the entire year when designing and installing a PV system. Shading issues become more pronounced at higher latitudes. For more information on the position of the sun through the year, see [[Tilt and azimuth]].
 <gallery heights=150px>
 File:Barilochesummers201005.png|Shadow cast at 12:00 on December 21 in Bariloche, Argentina (41°S).
@@ Line 15: / Line 19: @@
 </gallery>
-==Bypass diodes and shading==
+==Bypass diodes and shading== <!--T:5-->
 The cells of a PV module are connected in series. If one part of a part of a series circuit has high resistance or is not performing properly, it becomes a constraint for all of the other parts of the circuit. PV modules have incorporated ''bypass diodes'' in their junction boxes which automatically bypass strings of cells that are not performing properly. The current from other modules or other cells within the module will simply bypass the poorly functioning columns. The typical PV module only has three different strings of PV cells, connected along the long axis of the module, with each one having its own bypass diode. This has important consequences for how a PV module performs when there is shade as bypass diodes respond variably depending upon the conditions. Shading along the short-axis (rows) of the module will have a greater impact than shading along the long-axis (columns) of the module
 <gallery heights=225px>
 File:Modulebypassdiodes.png|60-cell module. Two columns of PV cells are connected in series, which are then connected to a bypass diode (Triangular symbol at top).
@@ Line 25: / Line 31: @@
 </gallery>
-==Partial shading and shade intensity==
+==Partial shading and shade intensity== <!--T:8-->
 Strong shade and shading that covers an entire PV cell is likely to trigger bypass diodes and will result in a significant loss in PV module production. Weak shading or partial shading on a PV cell may cause overall performance of the module to drop without being strong enough to trigger a bypass diode. A common example may shade resulting from a tree branch is close to the module and provides a thick dark line of shade, it will cause significant problems, but a distant branch causing a faint line of shade will not likely cause much production loss.
 <gallery heights=225px>
 File:Weakshadeline.png|60-cell module with low intensity shading.
@@ Line 34: / Line 42: @@
 </gallery>
-==Evaluating shade==
+==Evaluating shade== <!--T:11-->
 It can be difficult to evaluate the impact of shading from mountains or trees in another season when evaluating a potential project and this information can be critical when designing a system. There are various tools available that can help perform an analysis of the impact of shade on production throughout the year. The most economical and appropriate for off-grid use is the [https://www.solarpathfinder.com Solar Pathfinder]
-==Module orientation and shading==
+==Module orientation and shading== <!--T:13-->
 If there is strong shading from an obstacle like a mountain to the East (shading in the morning) or West (shading in the afternoon), orienting the panel somewhat in the direction with the better solar resource should be considered in order to maximize production.
-==Notes/references==
+==Notes/references== <!--T:15-->
 </translate>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category:PV source]]
 *The intensity of the shade (is it really weak from something in the distance or from something only a few meters away?)
 *How much of the module is shaded
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 ==Bypass diodes and shading==
 The cells of a PV module are connected in series. If one part of a part of a series circuit has high resistance or is not performing properly, it becomes a constraint for all of the other parts of the circuit. PV modules have incorporated ''bypass diodes'' in their junction boxes which automatically bypass strings of cells that are not performing properly. The current from other modules or other cells within the module will simply bypass the poorly functioning columns. The typical PV module only has three different strings of PV cells, connected along the long axis of the module, with each one having its own bypass diode. This has important consequences for how a PV module performs when there is shade as bypass diodes respond variably depending upon the conditions. Shading along the short-axis (rows) of the module will have a greater impact than shading along the long-axis (columns) of the module
@@ Line 23: / Line 26: @@
 ==Partial shading and shade intensity==
 Strong shade and shading that covers an entire PV cell is likely to trigger bypass diodes and will result in a significant loss in PV module production. Weak shading or partial shading on a PV cell may cause overall performance of the module to drop without being strong enough to trigger a bypass diode. A common example may shade resulting from a tree branch is close to the module and provides a thick dark line of shade, it will cause significant problems, but a distant branch causing a faint line of shade will not likely cause much production loss.
@@ Line 31: / Line 35: @@
 ==Evaluating shade==
 It can be difficult to evaluate the impact of shading from mountains or trees in another season when evaluating a potential project and this information can be critical when designing a system. There are various tools available that can help perform an analysis of the impact of shade on production throughout the year. The most economical and appropriate for off-grid use is the [https://www.solarpathfinder.com Solar Pathfinder]
 ==Module orientation and shading==
 If there is strong shading from an obstacle like a mountain to the East (shading in the morning) or West (shading in the afternoon), orienting the panel somewhat in the direction with the better solar resource should be considered in order to maximize production.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 As the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day and throughout the year, it is important to consider shade during the entire year when designing and installing a PV system. Shading issues become more pronounced at higher latitudes. For more information on the position of the sun through the year, see [[Tilt and azimuth]].
-<gallery heights=250px>
+<gallery heights=150px>
 File:Barilochesummers201005.png|Shadow cast at 12:00 on December 21 in Bariloche, Argentina (41°S).
 File:Barilochewinter201005.png|Shadow cast at 12:00 on June 21 in Bariloche, Argentina (41°S).
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 The cells of a PV module are connected in series. If one part of a part of a series circuit has high resistance or is not performing properly, it becomes a constraint for all of the other parts of the circuit. PV modules have incorporated ''bypass diodes'' in their junction boxes which automatically bypass strings of cells that are not performing properly. The current from other modules or other cells within the module will simply bypass the poorly functioning columns. The typical PV module only has three different strings of PV cells, connected along the long axis of the module, with each one having its own bypass diode. This has important consequences for how a PV module performs when there is shade as bypass diodes respond variably depending upon the conditions. Shading along the short-axis (rows) of the module will have a greater impact than shading along the long-axis (columns) of the module
-<gallery heights=250px>
+<gallery heights=225px>
 File:Modulebypassdiodes.png|60-cell module. Two columns of PV cells are connected in series, which are then connected to a bypass diode (Triangular symbol at top).
 File:Horizontalshade201005.png|60-cell module. Strong shading across an entire row of cells will trigger all of the bypass diodes. 100% of module production will be lost.
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Strong shade and shading that covers an entire PV cell is likely to trigger bypass diodes and will result in a significant loss in PV module production. Weak shading or partial shading on a PV cell may cause overall performance of the module to drop without being strong enough to trigger a bypass diode. A common example may shade resulting from a tree branch is close to the module and provides a thick dark line of shade, it will cause significant problems, but a distant branch causing a faint line of shade will not likely cause much production loss.
-<gallery heights=250px>
+<gallery heights=225px>
 File:Weakshadeline.png|60-cell module with low intensity shading.
 File:Strongshadeline.png|60-cell module with a line of high intensity shading.

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 *What part of the module is shaded
-As the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day and throughout the year, it is important to consider shade during the entire year when designing and installing a PV system. Shading issues become more pronounced at higher latitudes. For more information on the position of the sun through the year, see [[Tilt and orientation]].
+As the sun changes position in the sky throughout the day and throughout the year, it is important to consider shade during the entire year when designing and installing a PV system. Shading issues become more pronounced at higher latitudes. For more information on the position of the sun through the year, see [[Tilt and azimuth]].
 <gallery heights=250px>

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 File:Barilochesummershadow.png|Shadow cast at 12:00 on December 21 in Bariloche, Argentina (41°S).
 File:Barilochewintershadow.png|Shadow cast at 12:00 on June 21 in Bariloche, Argentina (41°S).
 </gallery>
@@ Line 32: / Line 31: @@
 ==Evaluating shade==
- affect production there is the option of using
+It can be difficult to evaluate the impact of shading from mountains or trees in another season when evaluating a potential project. There are various tools available that can help perform an analysis of the impact of shade on production throughout the year. This information can be critical to design and If there are significant affect production there is the option of using
 shade analysis tools to better understand the effects. The most practical and cost effective tool is called the Solar
 Pathfinder.